Biguanides are a class of oral medications used in the management of Type 2 diabetes, with Metformin being the most prescribed drug in this category. 

Drug Family and Names: 

Metformin is the primary drug within the Biguanide class used to lower blood sugar levels. 

Mechanism of Action: 

Metformin works by reducing the liver’s production of glucose while enhancing the body’s sensitivity to insulin. It decreases the amount of sugar absorbed from food and increases the uptake of glucose by cells, thus lowering overall blood sugar levels. 

Indications: 

Metformin is prescribed: 

• As a first-line treatment for Type 2 diabetes. 
• To manage blood sugar levels in conjunction with lifestyle modifications like diet and exercise. 

Side Effects: 

Common side effects of Metformin include: 

• Gastrointestinal issues (nausea, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort) 
• Lactic acidosis (rare but serious; associated with high doses or kidney problems) 

Dosage: 

Dosage typically starts low and gradually increases to minimize side effects. Typical dosages range from 500mg to 2000mg per day, divided into two or three doses. 

Route of Administration: 

The Drug is taken orally in the form of tablets or extended-release tablets, usually with meals to reduce stomach upset. 

Precautions and Considerations: 

• It’s important to monitor kidney function as Metformin can affect kidney health, and dosages might need adjustment in individuals with impaired kidney function. 
• Alcohol consumption while taking Metformin may increase the risk of lactic acidosis. 

Metformin’s efficacy in controlling blood sugar levels, along with its relatively low cost and mild side effects compared to other diabetes medications, makes it a widely prescribed drug for Type 2 diabetes management.