DPP-4 Inhibitors, also known as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, form a class of oral medications used in managing Type 2 diabetes, including drugs like Sitagliptin and Saxagliptin. 

Drug Family and Names: 

• Sitagliptin: An oral medication commonly prescribed as a DPP-4 Inhibitor. 
• Saxagliptin: Another medication in the DPP-4 Inhibitor class used for diabetes management. 

Mechanism of Action: 

DPP-4 Inhibitors work by slowing the breakdown of incretin hormones, which help stimulate insulin release and reduce glucose production from the liver, resulting in lowered blood sugar levels. 

Indications: 

Sitagliptin and Saxagliptin are prescribed: 

• To improve blood sugar control in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. 

• Often used in combination with other diabetes medications or as an add-on therapy to diet and exercise. 

Side Effects: 

Common side effects of DPP-4 Inhibitors include: 

• Upper respiratory tract infections 
• Headache 
• Mild gastrointestinal discomfort (nausea, diarrhea) 

Dosage: 

Dosage varies depending on the specific medication and may range from once-daily to twice-daily dosing. It’s often prescribed in standard tablet form. 

Route of Administration: 

DPP-4 Inhibitors like Sitagliptin and Saxagliptin are taken orally, typically with or without food, as directed by a healthcare professional. 

Precautions and Considerations: 

• These medications are generally well-tolerated, but caution is advised in individuals with kidney problems. 
• They have a low risk of causing hypoglycemia when used alone but can potentiate the effect of other diabetes medications. 

Sitagliptin and Saxagliptin, as DPP-4 Inhibitors, offer a mechanism to enhance insulin production and suppress excess glucose release in Type 2 diabetes. They are often favored due to their convenient dosing and minimal risk of hypoglycemia.